There are 210 instances of hakama and its derived forms in the Quran in different grammatical forms as shown in the table below are detailed out to better understand their meanings in different contexts:
Note: The above table is populated with data obtained from www.corpus.quran.com
Out of 210 instances of hakama and its derived forms, 28 instances in noun and participle forms as highlighted in the above table are detailed out below:
Details of instances of hik’mat
There are 20 instances of hik’mat in noun form meaning “wisdom” found in 19 verses across 12 surahs in the Quran are detailed out below:
[2:129] ” Our Lord, and raise in them messenger from them to recite Your revelations to them, and to teach them the scripture and the wisdom (rabbanaa wa-ib’`ath feehim rasuulan min’hum yatluu `alayhim aayaatika wa-yu`allimuhumu al-kitaaba wa-al-hik’mata), and to purify them. Indeed, You are the Almighty, the Wise.”
Note: When Abraham and Ismail raised the foundations of the Ka’ba, they prayed to God to raise messenger from their descendants to recite His revelations to teach them the scripture and wisdom in order to purify them is a clear indication that the role of a messenger in all generations of the people is to recite God’s revelations to the people to teach them the scripture and wisdom from the past.
[2:151] As that we have sent in you messenger from you to recite our revelations to you, and to purify you, and to teach you the scripture and the wisdom (kadhaalika arsalnaa feekum rasuulan min’kum yatluu `alaykum aayaatinaa wa-yuzakkeekum wa-yu`allimuhumu al-kitaaba wa-al-hik’mata), and to teach you what you would not know.
[2:231] And when you have intended to divorce the women, then they have reached their term, then either you shall retain them in a fair manner or shall release them in a fair manner. And you do not retain them for hurting that you transgress, and whoever does that, then indeed, he has wronged to his soul. And you do not take God’s revelations in mockery, while you shall remember God’s favors upon you and what He has sent down to you from the scripture and the wisdom (wa-udh’kuruu ni`mata allahi `alaykum wa-maa anzala `alaykum mina al-kitaabi wa-al-hik’mati), He has instructed you with it. And you shall fear God and shall know that God is Knower of everything.
[2:251] So, they had defeated them by God’s permission, and David had killed Jalut, and God had given him the kingdom and the wisdom and had taught him that what He willed (wa-aataahu allahu al-mulka wa-al-hik’mata wa-`allamahu mimmaa yashaau). And if it were not God repelling the people of them over other, surely, the earth would have corrupted, but God is Possessor of bounty upon a people of the world.
[2:269] He grants the wisdom to whomever He wills (yu’tee al-hik’mata man yashaau), and whoever is granted the wisdom (wa-man yu’ta al-hik’mata), then certainly, he has been granted adequate good. And none remembers except possessors of the understanding.
[3:48] “And He will teach him (Jesus, son of Mary) the scripture and the wisdom (wa-yu`allimuhu al-kitaaba wa-al-hik’mata), and the Torah and the Gospel.”
[3:81] And when God has taken a covenant of the prophets: “Surely, what I have given you from scripture and wisdom (lamaa aataytukum min kitaabin wa-hik’matin), then there has come to you a messenger confirming that which is with yourselves. You must believe in him and you must support him.” He said: “Have you affirmed and taken My covenant on that?” They said: “We have affirmed.” He said: “So, you shall bear witness, and I am with you among the witnesses.”
[3:164] Certainly, God has favored upon the believers as He has raised messenger in them from themselves to recite His revelations to them, and to purify them, and to teach them the scripture and the wisdom (idh ba`atha feehim rasuulan min anfusihim yat’luu `alayhim aayaatihi wa-yuzakkeehim wa-yu`allimuhumu al-kitaaba wa-al-hik’mata), even though they have been before surely in far astray.
[4:54] Or do they envy the people for what God has given them from His bounty? Certainly, we have given Abraham’s family the scripture and the wisdom (faqad aataynaa aala ib’raheema al-kitaaba wa-al-hik’mata), and we have given them a great kingdom.
[4:113] And if it had not been God’s grace upon you (Muhammad) and His mercy, surely, a group of them would have resolved to mislead you, while they do not mislead except themselves and they cannot harm you in anything. And God has sent down to you the scripture and the wisdom (wa-anzala allahu `alayka al-kitaaba wa-al-hik’mata), and has taught you what you do not know. And God’s grace upon you has been great.
[5:110] When God said, “O Jesus, son of Mary, remember My blessing upon you and upon your mother, when I had supported you with the Holy Spirit to speak to the people in the crib and in maturity. When I had taught you the scripture and the wisdom, and the Torah and the Gospel (wa-idh `allam’tuka al-kitaaba wa-al-hik’mata wa-al-tawraata wa-al-injeela); and when you make from the clay like a shape of the bird by My permission, then you breathe into it, so it becomes a (live) bird by My permission, and you heal the blind and the leper by My permission. And when you bring forth the dead by My permission. And when I had restrained the Children of Israel from you when you had come to them with the clear proofs, then those who had disbelieved from among them said, “This is not but a clear magic.”
[16:125] You (prophet) shall call to your Lord’s path with the wisdom and the good advice (ud’`u ilaa rabbika bi-al-hik’mati wa-al-maw’`izati al-hasanati), and shall debate with them with that which is best. Indeed, your Lord – He is Knower of whoever has strayed from His path, and He is Knower of the guided ones.
[17:39] That is of what your Lord has revealed to you (prophet) of the wisdom (dhaalika mimmaa awhaa ilayka rabbuka mina al-hik’mati). And do not make other god with God, lest you would be cast into Hell, being blameworthy, abandoned.
[31:12] And certainly, we had given Luqman the wisdom that you shall be grateful to God (wa-laqad aataynaa luq’maana al-hik’mata ani ush’kur lillahi). And whoever would be grateful, then he would only be grateful for himself. And whoever has been ungrateful, then indeed, God is Rich, Praiseworthy.
[33:34] And you (wives of prophet) shall remember what is recited in your homes of God’s revelations and the wisdom (wa-udh’kur’na maa yut’laa fee buyuutikunna min aayaati allahi wa-al-hik’mati). Indeed, God is Sublime, Cognizant.
[38:20] And we had strengthened his (David’s) kingship and had given him the wisdom and decision of the justness (wa-shadadnaa mul’kahu wa-aataynaahu al-hik’mata wa-fas’la al-khitaabi).
[43:63] And when Jesus had come with the clear proofs, he said, “Certainly, I have come to you with the wisdom, and that I make clear of that which you differ in it (qad ji’tukum bi-al-hik’mati wa-li-ubayyina lakum ba`da alladhee takh’talifuuna feehi). So you shall fear God and shall obey me.
[54:5] A perfect wisdom; but there is no use of the warnings (hik’matun baalighatun fa-maa tugh’ni al-nudhuru).
[62:2] He is the One who has raised a messenger (Muhammad) in the gentiles from themselves to recite His revelations to them, and to purify them, and to teach them the scripture and the wisdom (huwa alladhee ba`atha fee al-ummiyeena rasuulan min’hum yat’luu `alayhim aayaatihi wa-yuzakkeehim wa-yu`allimuhumu al-kitaaba wa-al-hik’mata), even though they have been before surely in clear astray.
Details of instances of haakimeen
There are 5 instances of haakimeen in noun form meaning “judge” found in 5 verses across 5 surahs in the Quran are detailed out below:
[7:87] “And if there had been a group from you who have believed in which I (Shuaib) have been sent with it, and a group they do not believe, then you shall be patient until God judges between ourselves; and He is the best Judge (hattaa yah’kuma allahu baynanaa wa-huwa khayru al-haakimeen).”
[10:109] And you (Muhammad) shall follow what is revealed to you, and shall be patient until God judges, and He is the best Judge (hattaa yah’kuma allahu wa-huwa khayru al-haakimeen).
[12:80] Then when they had despaired from him, they had engaged in discussion. Their eldest said, “Do you not know that your father certainly had taken a promise by God upon you, and before you had failed about Yusuf? So I will not leave the place until my father permits me or God judges for me, and He is the best Judge (hattaa yadhana lee abee aw yah’kuma allahu lee wa-huwa khayru al-haakimeen).
[11:45] And Noah had called his Lord, then said: “O my Lord, indeed, my son is a member of my family, and indeed, Your promise is the truth, and You are just of the judges (wa-anta ah’kamu al-haakimeena).”
[95:8] Has not been God with just of the judges (a-laysa allahu bi-ah’kami al-haakimeena)?
Details of instance of hukkaam
There is 1 instance of hukkaam in the active participle form meaning “authority” found in the verse 2:88 of the Quran is detailed out below:
[2:188] And you do not consume your properties between yourselves with the falsehood, and you may present of it to the authorities (wa-tud’luu bihaa ilaa al-hukkaami) that you may consume a portion of the people’s wealth with the sin while you know.
Details of instance of muh’kamaat
There is 1 instance of muh’kamaat in the passive participle form meaning “clarified” found in the verse 3:7 of the Quran is detailed out below:
[3:7] He is the One who has sent down to you (Muhammad) the scripture, of it there are clarified verses – they are foundation of the scripture (min’hu aayaatun muh’kamaatun hunna ummu al-kitaabi), and others are analogies. So, as for those in their hearts there is perversity, then they follow what has made analogy of it seeking the discord and seeking its interpretation, while none knows its interpretation except God and those who are well-founded in the knowledge – they say, “We have believed in it. All is from our Lord. And none will take heed except possessors of the understanding.”
Details of instance of muh’kamat
There is 1 instance of muh’kamat in the passive participle form meaning “precise” in the verse 47:20 of the Quran is detailed out below:
[47:20] And those who have believed say: “Why has not been sent down a surah?” Then when a precise surah has been sent down (fa-idhaa unzilat suuratun muh’kamatun), and the fighting has been mentioned in it, you have seen those who have a disease in their hearts are looking at you – a look of fainted one from the death on him, so woe for them.
28 instances of hik’mat and haakimeen including hukkaam, muh’kamaat and muh’kamat in noun and participle forms found in 27 verses across 20 surahs in the Quran confirm that God has raised messenger from every community to recite His revelations to teach them the scripture and wisdom in order to purify them, while He is the best Judge. Thus, Jesus, son of Mary has been raised as a messenger in the children of Israel and he had come to them with the clear proofs, while Muhammad has been raised as a messenger in the gentiles from themselves to recite His revelations to them, and to purify them, and to teach them the scripture and the wisdom; and the scripture what has been sent down to him there are clarified verses in it, which are foundation of it but there are also certain verses which are analogies, and their meanings are known to God and those who are well-founded in the knowledge, while He has warned us that we do not misguide ourselves to make conflict interpreting them if we do not have any knowledge of them, but we must believe that all is from Him.
However, what may be crucial for us to reflect that there is a clear indication not to have any confusion about the role of a messenger in all generations of the people is to recite God’s revelations to the people to teach them the scripture and wisdom from the past to guide them to the straight path.
Peaceful Friday, salaam and God bless.
Tafazzal (09/08/2023).