Note: The above table is populated with data obtained from the corpus.quran.com.
49 instances of kitaabun found in 47 verses of 20 surahs are detailed below to better understand the messages in these verses of the Quran followed by review of 162 instances in 142 verses of 30 surahs:
[35:25] And if they deny you (Muhammad), that certainly, had denied those who were from before of them, (when) had come to them their messengers with the clear proofs, and with the Psalms and with the enlightening scripture (jaa-at’hum rusuluhum bil-bayyinaati wa-bil-zuburi wa-bil-kitaabi al-muneeri).
[35:29] Indeed, those who recite a scripture of God (inna alladheena yatluuna kitaaba allahi) and have established salat prayer and have spent from what we have provided them secretly and publicly may hope for a commerce will never lose.
Note: Those who do business with God through reciting His scripture, and establishing the salat prayer and spending from what He has provided being it a commerce there is no loss in it.
[35:31] And which we have revealed to you (prophet) of the scripture (wa-alladhee awhaynaa ilayka mina al-kitaabi), it is the truth confirming that which was from before of it. Indeed, God is surely Cognizant, Seer of His servants.
[35:32] Then we have made to inherit the scripture to those whom we have chosen from our servants (thumma awrathnaa al-kitaaba alladheena is’tafaynaa min ibaadinaa), that among them there has been a wrongdoer for his soul, and among them there has been a moderate one, and among them there has been a foremost in the good deeds by permission of God, that – it is the greatest blessing.
[35:40] Say, “Have you seen your partners those whom you call on other than God; show me what they have created in the earth or for them there is share in the heavens.” Do they own any partnership in the heavens? Or have we given them a scripture that they have a clear proof from it (aw aataynaahum kitaaban fa-hum `alaa bayyinatin minhu)? Nay, it is not a promise of the wrongdoers of them to other, except a delusion.
Note: Those who call other than God has a promise of wrongdoing to each other, which is not except a delusion.
[37:117] And we had given both of them (Moses and Aaron) the clear scripture {wa-aataynaahumaa al-kitaaba al-mus’tabeena).
[37:157] That come up with your scripture (fa’tu bi-kitabikum), if you have been truthful ones.
Note: God has not given any scripture to those who associate partners with Him or the idol worshipers that they can come up with an evidence from it.
[38:29] A scripture we have sent down it to you (Muhammad) is a blessed one (kitaabun anzalnaahu ilayka mubaarakun) that they (the disbelievers) may study its verses and that it may remind possessors of the understanding.
[39:1] A revelation of the scripture (Quran) is from God – the Almighty, the Wise (tanzeelu al-kitaabi mina allahi al-`azeezi al-hakeemi).
[39:2] Indeed, we have sent down to you (Muhammad) the scripture with the truth (innaa anzalnaa ilayka al-kitaaba bil-haqqi) that you (Muhammad) shall worship God being sincere to Him in the religion.
Note: Quran is a revelation of scripture and a blessed one with the truth from God – the Almighty, the Wise.
[39:23] God has sent down a scripture (Quran) of the best Hadith being consistent to each other (allahu nazzala ahsana al-hadeethi kitaaban mutashaabihan mathaaniya). The skins of those who fear their Lord shiver from it (Quran), then their skins and their hearts soften up to God’s message. That is God’s guidance; He guides with it (Quran) whomever He wills, and whomever God lets go astray, then there is no guide for him.
Note: God has sent down a scripture of the best Hadith being consistent to each other, which is His message and guidance for the people, and those who follow it God guides them but those who do not follow it there is no guide for them.
[39:41] Indeed, we have sent down to you (Muhammad) the scripture with the truth for the people (innaa anzalnaa `alayka al-kitaaba bil-haqqi lilnnaasi). So, whoever has been guided, then (it has been) for his soul; and whoever has gone astray, then he only goes astray against it (soul). And you (Muhammad) are not an advocate over them.
[40:2] A revelation of the scripture is from God – the Almighty, the Knower (tanzeelu al-kitaabi mina allahi al-`azeezi al-`aleemi).
[40:53] And that certainly, we had given Moses the guidance, and we had made to inherit Children of Israel the scripture (wa-awrathnaa banee is’raa-eela al-kitaaba).
[40:70] Those who had denied in the scripture (alladheena kadhabuu bil-kitaabi), and in what we had sent our messengers with it that they will know soon.
[41:3] A scripture has been detailed its verses of an Arabic Quran for a people who know (kitaabun fussilat aayaatuhu qur’aanan `arabiyyan liqawmin ya’lamuuna).
[41:41] Indeed, those who have disbelieved in the reminder (Quran) when it has come to them, and indeed, it (Quran) is surely a powerful scripture (wa-innahu la`kitaabun azeezun).
[41:45] And that certainly we had given Moses the scripture (wa-laqad aataynaa muusaa al-kitaaba), then there had been disputed in it. And if it had not been a predetermined promise from your Lord, surely, it would had been settled between of them. Indeed, they were surely in doubt from it being uneasiness.
[42:14] And they had not become divided except after what had come to them the knowledge out of opposition between of them. And if it had not preceded a promise of your Lord for a specified term, surely, it would had been settled between of them. And indeed, those who have been made to inherit the scripture after of them (wa-inna alladheena uurithuu al-kitaaba min ba`dihim), are surely in doubt of it as disquieters.
[42:15] As for that then you (prophet) shall invite and shall be straight as that you have been commanded, and do not follow their desires and shall say, “I have believed in what God has sent down from a scripture (aamantu bimaa anzala allahu min kitaabin) and I have been commanded to do justice between of you. God is our Lord and your Lord. To us is our deeds and to you is your deeds. There is no argument between of us and between of you. God will gather of us and to Him is the final return.”
[42:17] God is One Who has sent down the scripture with the truth and the balance (allahu alladhee anzala al-kitaaba bil-haqqi wa-al-meezaana), and which makes you know that the Hour is near.
[42:52] And thus that we have inspired to you (Muhammad) an inspiration by our command. You had not done it to know what the scripture was, nor the faith was (maa kunta tadree maa al-kitaaba wa-laa-al-iimaanu). But we have made it (Quran) a light; we guide with it whomever we will of our servants. And indeed, you surely guide to a straight path.
Note: God has let us know that Muhammad had no knowledge of the scripture and of the faith, which He had inspired to him by His command to take initiatives to know, while the scripture is a light to guide the people to a straight path.
[43:2] And the clarified scripture (wa-al-kitaabin mubeenin).
[43:4] And indeed, it (Arabic Quran) is in Mother of the Scripture with us, is surely high, wise (wa-innahu fee ummi al-kitaabi ladaynaa la’aliyyun hakeemin).
[43:21] Or have we given them a scripture from before of it (aw aataynaahum kitaaban min qablihi) that they are holding fast to it?
[44:2] And the clarified scripture (wa-al-kitaabi al-mubeeni).
[45:2] A revelation of the scripture is from God – the Almighty, the Wise (tanzeelu al-kitaabi min allahi al-`azeezi al-hakeemi).
[45:16] And that certainly, we have given Children of Israel the scripture, and the wisdom, and the prophethood (wa-laqad aataynaa banee is’raa-eela al-kitaaba wa-al-huk’ma wa-al-nubuwata), and we have provided them with all good things, and we have preferred them over a people of the world.
Note: The prophethood is defined associating with the scripture and the wisdom that we may have clear understanding to make a difference between prophet and messenger that many of us confuse, while all prophets are messengers but all messengers not prophets.
[46:2] A revelation of the scripture (Quan) is from God – the Almighty, the Wise (tanzeelu al-kitaabi min allahi al-`azeezi al-hakeemi).
[46:4] Say, “Have you seen what you call on other than God? Show me what they have created from the earth, or is there a share for them in the heavens? Bring me of a scripture from before this (i’tuunii bi-kitaabi min qabli haadhaa), or a trace of knowledge, if you have been truthful ones.”
Note: God has not left any room for us to associate partner(s) with Him if we can reflect that He has created what is in the heavens and what is in the earth.
[46:12] And from before of it (Quran), a scripture of Moses was a guide and mercy (kitaabu muusaa imaaman wa-rahmatan), and this is a scripture confirming in Arabic language (wa-haadhaa kitaabun musaddiqun lisaanan `arabiyyan) to warn those who have done wrong and a good news for the good-doers.
Note: God has given a scripture in Arabic language is a warning for the wrongdoers, while it is a good news for the gooddoers
[46:30] They (a party of jinns) said, “O our people; indeed, we have heard a scripture has been sent down after Moses (innaa sami`naa kitaaban unzila min ba`di muusaa), confirming that which was before of it to guide to the truth and to a straight path.
Note: God has sent down a scripture confirming what was before of it to guide to the truth and a straight path for the mankind as well as for the Jinn.
[52:2] And a scripture (wa-kitaabin).
[56:78] In a protected scripture (fee kitaabin maknuunin).
[57:16] Is it not a time for those who have believed to become humble of their hearts for remembrance of God, and for what has come down of the truth? They would not be like those who had been given the scripture before (ka-alladheena uutuu al-kitaaba min qabli); as the term had prolonged for them that had hardened their hearts, and many of them were disobedient.
Note: The believers have been warned not to be like that of the people of the scripture who became disobedient over time forgetting the message sent down to them from their Lord.
[57:25] That certainly, we have sent our messengers with the clear proofs, and we have sent down with them the scripture and the balance (wa-anzalnaa ma`ahumu al-kitaaba wa-al-meezaana) that it may establish the people with the justice, while we have sent down the iron, wherein there is strength and benefits for the people that God may make known whoever helps Him in the unseen and His messengers. Indeed, God is Powerful, Almighty.
Note: All messengers have come with the clear proofs and of them are given the scripture and the balance to establish the people with justice.
[57:26] And that certainly, we had sent Noah and Abraham, and we had placed the prophethood and the scripture in their descendants (wa-ja`alnaa al-nubuwata wa-al-kitaaba fee dhurriyyatihimaa); then of them there was guided one, while most of them were disobedient.
[57:29] That it may know the people of the scripture that they do not have power over anything of God’s bounty (li’allaa ya`’lama ah’lu al-kitaaba allaa yaq’diruuna `alaa shayin min fad’li) and that the bounty is in God’s hand; He gives it whomever He wills. And God is a Possessor of the great bounty.
[59:2] He is One Who has expelled those who have disbelieved from a people of the scripture from their homes at first gathering (min ah’li al-kitaabi min diyaarihim li’awwali al-hasri). You have not thought that they would leave, and they have thought that they would defend them of their fortresses from God, but God had come to them from where they did not expect and He had cast the terror into their hearts, they destroy their houses with their hands and hands of the believers. So you shall learn, O you possessors of the vision.
[59:11] Do you not see to those who have committed hypocrisy saying to their brothers those who have disbelieved among a people of the scripture (alladheena kafaruu min ah’li al-kitaabi), “Surely, if you had been expelled, surely, we would leave with you, and we will not obey anyone ever among you, and if you had been fought, certainly, we would help you.” And God bears witness that they are surely liars.
[62:2] He is One Who has raised a messenger (Muhammad) in the gentiles from them to recite His revelations to them, and to purify them, and to teach them the scripture and the wisdom (wa-yu`allimuhumu wa-al-hik’mata), even though they had been surely in a clear straying before.
Note: Here the Arabic word, ummiy refers to whoever does not know the scripture, nor does he follow any scripture, which has confirmed that prophet Muhammad was not illiterate, and it we mean the word illiterate, then the verse does not make any sense.
[66:12] And Mary, daughter of Imran who had guarded her chastity, so we had breathed into it from our Spirit. And she had believed in words of her Lord and His scriptures (wa-saddaqat bi-kalimaati rabbihaa wa-kutubihi), and she had been the obedient.
[68:37] Or for you (people) is there a scripture in it you can learn (aw la’kum kitaabun feehi tadrusuuna)?
[74:31] And we have not made guardians of the Fire except angels, and we have not made their number except a warning for those who disbelieved, that it may ascertain those who have been given the scripture (Jews and Christians) (li’yastayqina alladheena uutuu al-kitaaba) and may increase faith of those who have believed (Muslims), and may not doubt those who have been given the scripture (Jews and Christians) (wa-laa-yartaaba alladheena uutuu al-kitaaba) and the believers (Muslims). And that may say those in their hearts there is a disease (hypocrites) and the disbelievers, “What has God meant by this allegory?” Thus that God lets go astray whomever He wills, and He guides whomever He wills. And none knows your Lord’s soldiers except He. And it is not except a reminder for the human race.
Note: There is mention of a reminder for the human race being both hiya means it and dhik’raa) means reminder in the last phrase of the verse in the feminine form to indicate a reminder to be the mathematical coding of the Quran, which is distinct from the Quran, a reminder in the masculine form, while the gender difference is very crucial for us to reflect the appropriate message in the verse.
[98:1] It would not be abandoners those who have disbelieved from a people of the scripture and the idol worshipers (lam yakuni alladheena kafaruu min ahli al-kitaaba wa-al-mush’rikeena munfakkeena), even there comes to them the clear proof.
[98:4] And there has not become divided those who have been given the scripture (wa-maa tafarraqa alladheena uutuu al-kitaaba), except after what has come to them the clear proof.
[98:6] Indeed, those who have disbelieved from a people of the scripture and the idol worshipers (inna alladheena min ahli al-kitaaba wa-al-mush’rikeena) will be in a Fire of Hell as dwellers in it forever. Those – they are of the worst creatures.
Note: Those who have disbelieved from a people of the scripture and the idol worshipers will be in Hell being among the worst creatures.
Messengers had come to the people with the clear proofs, even when they had come to them with an enlightening scripture have been denied, but those who recite from a scripture of God, and establish the salat prayer and spend from what He has given them is a business with God and there is no loss in it. Those who call other than God are in a promise of wrongdoing to each other, which is not except a delusion, while God has not left any room for us to associate partner(s) with Him if we reflect that He has created what is in the heavens and what is in the earth.
Quran is a revelation of scripture and a blessed one with the truth from God – the Almighty, the Wise. God has let us know that Muhammad had no knowledge of the scripture and of the faith, which He had inspired to him by His command being the scripture is a light to guide the people to a straight path. In it the Arabic word, ummiy refers to whoever does not know the scripture, nor does he follow any scripture, which has confirmed that prophet Muhammad was not illiterate, and the prophethood is defined by associating of the scripture and the wisdom that we may have clear understanding to make a difference between prophet and messenger that many of us confuse, while we also know that all prophets are messengers but all messengers not prophets. He has given a scripture in Arabic language, which is a warning for the wrongdoers, but a good news for the gooddoers confirming what was before of it to guide to the truth and to a straight path for the mankind as well as for the Jinn. There is mention in it about a reminder for the human race referring to both hiya means it and dhik’raa means reminder in the feminine form to indicate a reminder to be the mathematical coding of the Quran, which is distinct from the Quran, a reminder in the masculine form, and the gender difference is very crucial for us to reflect it.
The believers have been warned not to be like those of the people of the scripture who became disobedient over time forgetting the message sent down to them from their Lord. All messengers have come with the clear proofs and of them there are those who have given the scripture and the balance to establish the people with justice. God has warned the believers that those who were given the scripture have become divided themselves except after the clear proof had come to them, and those who have disbelieved from a people of the scripture and the idol worshipers will be in Hell being among the worst creatures.
Upon review of 211 instances of kitaabun found in 189 verses of 50 surahs in the Quran we may have a clear understanding that the scripture is a basis to judge any disputes between of the people, and the believers will hold fast to it to see their success in the Hereafter, and the Arabic Quran, a confirming scripture has been detailed with everything what we need to do the righteous deeds, which is a powerful scripture and a scripture of the best Hadith being consistent to each other that our skins and hearts may soften up to its message being it a guidance of God for us, while He guides whomever He wills and He lets go astray whomever He wills having no guide for him.
Peaceful Friday, salaam and God bless.
Tafazzal (06/13/2025).